Tuesday, December 28, 2010

To: QQ & XX, Learn to live life !!


Beautiful letter written by a father to his son. Following is a letter to his son from a renown Hong Kong TV broadcaster cum Child Psychologist. The words are actually applicable to all of us, young or old, children or parents.


I am writing this to you because of 3 reasons
1. Life, fortune and mishaps are unpredictable, nobody knows how long he lives. Some words are better said early.
2. I am your father, and if I don't tell you these, no one else will.
3. What is written is my own personal bitter experiences that perhaps could save you a lot of unnecessary heartaches.

Remember the following as you go through life

1. Do not bear grudge towards those who are not good to you. No one has the responsibility of treating you well, except your mother and I. To those who are good to you, you have to treasure it and be thankful, and ALSO you have to be cautious, because, everyone has a motive for every move. When a person is good to you, it does not mean he really likes you. You have to be careful, don't hastily regard him as a real friend.

2. No one is indispensable, nothing in the world that you must possess. Once you understand this idea, it would be easier for you to go through life when people around you don't want you anymore, or when you lose what/who you love most.

3. Life is short. When you waste your life today, tomorrow you would find that life is leaving you. The earlier you treasure your life, the better you enjoy life.

4. Love is but a transient feeling, and this feeling would fade with time and with one's mood. If your so called loved one leaves you, be patient, time will wash away your aches and sadness. Don't over exaggerate the beauty and sweetness of love, and don't over exaggerate the sadness of falling out of love.

5. A lot of successful people did not receive a good education, that does not mean that you can be successful by not studying hard! Whatever knowledge you gain is your weapon in life. One can go from rags to riches, but one has to start from some rags!

6. I do not expect you to financially support me when I am old, either would I financially support your whole life. My responsibility as a supporter ends when you are grown up. After that, you decide whether you want to travel in a public transport or in your limousine, whether rich or poor.

7. You honour your words, but don't expect others to be so. You can be good to people, but don't expect people to be good to you. If you don't understand this, you would end up with unnecessary troubles.

8. I have bought lotteries for umpteen years, but I never strike any prize. That shows if you want to be rich, you have to work hard! There is no free lunch!

9. No matter how much time I have with you, let's treasure the time we have together. We do not know if we would meet again in our next life.

Daddy

Thursday, December 23, 2010

195/60R15 pricelist

195/60R15:
Bridgestone GR-90, RM250pc-Bal,Valve+Align' included [Hup Yik Bt Caves] (Aug 10)
Bridgestone AR-10 RM235.00 Eurika Kota Kemunig (Sep 10)
Duro - RM165.00 Teoh Brothers Bayu Tinggi Klang (Oct 10)
Falken ZE912 - RM 190 hup soon SS3 (Aug 10)
Falken ZE912 - RM 168 Hin Leong Klang (Dec 10)
Good Year Assurance RM195 Teoh Brothers Bayu Tinggi Klang (10/10)
Good Year Excellence RM195 Teoh Brothers Bayu Tinggi Klang [10/10]
Kumho Ecsta xt - RM210 Consistent Distinction old klg road (Jul 10)
Hankook Optimo K415 - RM230 Teoh Brothers Bayu Tinggi Klang [Oct'10]
Michelin Primacy LC - RM268 Teik Leong Bt Lanchang, Penang (Sept 10)
Michelin Primacy LC - RM275 TyreZone, Taman Megah PJ (Oct 10) including balancing and N2
Michelin XM1 Energy - RM240 Yong Tatt, Kulim (Sep, 10)
Michelin XM1 - RM230 Klang Tyres, Shah Alam (Oct, 10)
Yokohama A.Drive (Philippines) - RM163 Hin Leong, Klang (Feb 10)
Yokohama A.Drive -RM185 Tek Ming Sunway (May 10)
Yokohama A.Drive (Philipines) - RM 178 Batu Pahat, Johor. (27-08-2010)
Yokohama A.Drive - RM175 - Teoh Brothers Bayu Tinggi Klang[Oct'10]

Tuesday, December 21, 2010

Round watch size chart



Singapore Pre-Owned Watch Dealers

This version sorted by area/poscode for easy visiting all the dealer in one particular area.

Raffles Place Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Jw Mechanical Time
1 Pickering St #01-02 Great Eastern Ctr S048659 T6536 0119
Peng Kwee Watches
11 Collyer Quay. #01-03 The Arcade S049317 T6534 8401
Visiotime Watch Galleria
16 Collyer Quay #01-09 Hitachi Tower S049318 T6532 4316
==================================================

Chinatown Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Koh Watches Enterprise
101 Upper Cross St #02-63 People's Park Ctr S058357 T6535 3456
Peng Kwee Watches
101 Upper Cross St #01-44 People's Park Ctr S058359 T6534 4619
Heirloom Gallery
20 Upper Circular Rd #01-37 The Riverwalk S058416 T6438 6178
Watch Business
1 Park Rd #01-42/43a People's Park Complex S059108 T6538 0618
Peng Kwee Watches
1 Park Rd #02-90K People's Park Complex S059108 T6327 4628
Caduro Trading
133 New Bridge Rd #01-39 Chinatown Point S059413 T6535 7377
Bronze Age
133 New Bridge Rd #02-48 Chinatown Point S059413 T6536 2416
Ray Antique Watch
211 New Bridge Rd #B2-17 Lucky Chinatown S059432 T6327 1430
Han Meng Antique Watches
211 New Bridge Rd #B2-21 Lucky Chinatown S059432 T6227 4252
==================================================

Telok Blangah Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Top Hour Enterprise
Blk 12 Telok Blangah Cres #01-111 S090012 T6271 1111
==================================================

Commonwealth Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Bonfield
Blk 48 Tanglin Halt Rd #01-329 S142048 T6474 7464
==================================================

Cityhall Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Passions Watch Pte Ltd
109 North Bridge Rd #02-20 Funan Digitalife Mall S179097 T6533 0030
Peng Kwee Watches
111 North Bridge Rd #01-45A Peninsula Plz S179098 T6334 0155
==================================================

Bugis Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Chuan Watch Enterprise
390 Victoria St #01-10 Golden Landmark S188061 T6291 9118
Precision Watch Enterprise
390 Victoria St #02-23 Golden Landmark S188061 T6297 0338
Perpetual Time Gallery
390 Victoria St #02-38 Golden Landmark S188061 T6400 9000
Ken Watch
390 Victoria St #03-08 Golden Landmark S188061 T6294 1228
Peng Kwee Watches
180 Bencoolen St #01-45 The Bencoolen S189646 T6333 1921
Brightime
180 Bencoolen St #01-70 The Bebcoolen S189646 T6338 6368
Truly Collectables
91 Bencoolen St #01-87 Sunshine Plz S189652 T6336 1182
==================================================

Beach Rd Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Exploriner
100 Beach Rd #02-21 Shaw Towers S189702 T6292 5550
Png Watch Dealer
505 Beach Rd #02-206 Golden Mile Food Ctr S199583 T6296 0041
Yan Ho Used Watch
6001 Beach Rd #01-69 Golden Mile Tower S199589 T6396 3456
==================================================

Tekka Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Tekka Enterprises
Blk 664 Buffolo Rd #01-04 Tekka Ctr S210664 T6729 5326
Loh Mok Fatt
Blk 665 Buffalo Rd #02-05 Tekka Ctr S210665 T6292 5605
Tai Wee Watch
Blk 665 Buffalo Rd #02-158 Tekka Ctr S210665 T6295 2986
Hng De Shen Watch
Blk 665 Buffalo Rd #02-71 Tekka Ctr S210665 T6294 1383
Big Time @ Tekka
2 Serangoon Rd #02-18 Tekka Mall S218227 T6392 1335
==================================================

Orchard Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Leow Antique Watch
1 Scotts Rd #24-12 Shaw Ctr S228208 T6735 2552
Bysell Co. Pte Ltd
1 Scotts Rd #24-37 Shaw Ctr S228208 T6736 2777
Branded Concept
14 Scotts Rd #02-84A Far East Plz S228213 T6737 8198
Sheen Watches
#04-114 Far East Plaza 14 Scott Road S228213
Brightime
304 Orchard Rd #01-37 Lucky Plz S238863 T6737 2616
Top Hour Enterprise
304 Orchard Rd #01-50 Lucky Plz S238863 T6235 2468
Peng Kwee Watches
304 Orchard Rd #01-53 Lucky Plz S238863 T6732 3243
Mel Watch
304 Orchard Rd #02-01 Lucky Plz S238863
Horological Restoration Ctr
304 Orchard Rd #02-102 Lucky Plz S238863
SJ Watches & Jewellry
304 Orchard Rd #03-85 Lucky Plz S238863 T6732 2688
Eddie Antique Watches
304 Orchard Rd #04-46 Lucky Plz S238863 T6736 1363
Bezel International Pte Ltd
501 Orchard Rd #03-06 Wheelock Pl S238880 T6738 1221
==================================================

Others Area
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Collectors' Haven
5 Balmoral Cresent VIP Hotel Lobby S259895 T6836 6789
Monster Time Vintage Watches
52 Taman Warna S276380 T6733 2324
http://www.monster-time.com
Eminent Watch Pte Ltd
77 Geylang Rd S389197 T6292 9000
Yan Ho Used Watch
#01-01 Paya Lebar MRT Station S409006 T6747 6789
Cheong Ann Watch Maker
4 Lim Tua Tow Rd S547714 T6286 3826
Bee Hock Watch
10 Maju Ave S556688 T6285 2736
Heng Cheong Watch Ctr
1 Jln Anak Bukit #B1-34 Bt Timah Plz S588996 T6468 2641
Watch Trend & Trading
10 Jurong East St 12 #01-08 Jurong East MRT Stn S609690 T6567 3504
Athena Jewels & Watches
Blk 303 Woodlands St 31 #01-171 Singapore 730303
Blk 507 Jurong West St 52 #01-154 Singapore 640507
==================================================

Thursday, November 25, 2010

Rolex Production Dates By Serial No.

As you know Rolex S.A. will not give you the production date of your Rolex watch.
With this page you will get an idea of the approximate date when your watch was
produced (but no guaranty for varification).

Just check your serial number which you can find on the certificate and between
the lugs at 6 oclock with the following chart that was accomplished by the
"Project" of the Vintage Rolex Forum and the members of the German Rolex Forum.

YearFrom To

=====================================
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
20190
23969
28290
29312

29312
29933
30823
34336
36856
40920
43793
71224
99775
106047
143509
230878
269561
302459
367946
529163
628840


709249
726639
793930
976195
30634
139400
216821
353343
399xxx
511687
6469xx
763663
95xxxx
997436
1193xxx
1289727
1554xxx
1720977
2060xxx
2504211
2728xxx
305xxxx
3523678
3761535
3886050
4155863
5008000
5238376
5952834
6434000
6594xxx
7129351
7862000
8338000
8624000
9290000
9863279

21691
24747






35365
37569





202026



387216




710776
840396
973830
43325
*
1297xx
217821
358xxx
426510
502683
642993
702xxx
894xxx
1021800
1195238
1259699
1557xxx
186xxxx
2477152
22927xx
2959xxx
3037xxx
3478400
3741300
4194183
4267100
4538000
5367817
5737030
6122790

6910000
7437845
8085072

8734xxx
9764478

* As you can see Rolex restarted counting in 1954 when they reached 1 Million.

Up to now the exchange cases started with 4,4 Mil. But since all those number are used up they start now with a 4,7 Mil.

In 1987 Rolex started to put a letter in front of the 6-digit serial number:

Letter
Started in...

_________________________________
R
L
E
X
N
C
S
W
T
U
A
P
K
Y
F
D
Z
M
V
G

1987
1988
1990
1991
1991 (Nov)
1992
1993
1995
1996
1997 (Aug)
1998 (Nov)
2000 (Jan)
2001 (Sep)
2002 (Sep)
2003 (Sep)
2005 (Apr)
2006 (May)
2007 (Aug)
2008 (Aug)
2010 (Jun)

At the beginning of 2010 Rolex changed the system to individualize their watches. By now the Serial Number will be composed of a random generated 8-digit mix of letters and numbers which means that from now on only Rolex can tell you when the watch was produced.

Reference to http://www.oysterworld.de/1/index.htm

Sunday, August 22, 2010

Malaysian Passport Photo Requirements

Malaysian Passport Photo Requirements listed below:

  • 35mm x 50mm photos are required for Malaysian passport Photos
  • A light blue background is specified for passport photos
  • Polaroid instant photos are unacceptable for Malaysian passport applications
  • Three quarter profiles are not allowed
  • The subject must look straight into the camera
  • The passport photo must show the eyes clearly
  • There must be no hair over the face

    Edit: Photo must see both ears!!!

Thursday, July 8, 2010

Private Cord blood Banking – Some Salient Questions and Straight Answers

Posted in - General, - Guest |
Dr Ng Soo Chin
Consultant Haematologist
(This article appeared in Berita MMA and is reproduced here with the permission of the author)

Preamble
Expecting parents are faced with a lot of important decisions before their baby is born. These include the basics, such as what to name the baby, which hospital and doctors to go to, breastfeeding vs. formula feeding, etc. And more and more, they have to consider the issue of whether or not to bank or store their baby’s umbilical cord blood (UCB) and in Malaysia, which company to bank with since there are now 3 competing companies!

What does the umbilical cord blood contain?
The presence of haematopoietic stem cells is the cell of interest. Compared to stem cells form bone marrow, the UCB stem cells are more primitive and more’ naïve’ and as a result allogeneic transplant can be done with only a partial HLA matched. There is likely presence of other cells of importance such as the mesenchymal and neural precursor cells which may be grown into other lineages such as, cartilage, fat, hepatic or cardiac cell under suitable environment.

What are the differences between public or community cord blood banking and private cord blood banking?
The public cord bank or community cord blood bank receives cord blood from voluntary donors and they are typed and stored for anyone who needs to use it. The bank is usually affiliated to a university and is run as a non –profit organization. The center that requests for the cord blood for use for specific patients will need to pay a fixed sum to the public cord bank to defray the expenses incur in collection, typing and storage of the cord blood.
The private cord blood banks cater for the individual family who chooses to store the baby’s UCB at time of birth. The parents concerned will need to pay for the collection and storage fees. They are run as a business concern and not infrequently, there were criticisms of hard- selling their services. There are currently 3 companies that provide such services in Malaysia and not surprisingly there is a tough fight for the clients who can afford such services.

What is the long-term viability of frozen cord blood?
So far, recovery of viable stem cells from cord blood is over 90% at 15 years^1. In theory, it should be possible to store cells for millenia at -196 C, the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Below -130 C, no liquid water exists in cells, which prevents biochemical reactions between molecules dissolved in water. At -196 C there is not enough thermal energy in the cell to drive any biochemical reaction. The only degradation that can occur at this temperature is reactions caused by cosmic background radiation. It can be calculated that, at normal terrestrial conditions, it would take about 2000 years before such reactions caused a significant amount of damage^2.

What are the potential benefits of collecting and storing umbilical cord blood?
If one reads through a brochure on private cord banking, UCB storage is branded as a form of medical insurance and it can be used for treatment of both malignant and benign blood disorders. Because umbilical cord blood contains a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, it has been effective as an alternative allogeneic donor source in a variety of pediatric genetic, hematologic, immunologic, and oncologic disorders. The potential uses in regenerative medicine and degenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s diseases are generally highlighted.

What the cord bank operators fail to tell you?
The amount of stem cells harvested in the UCB will fall short of the minimum number required for stem cell or bone marrow transplant if the kid grows up to more than 100 pounds! On average, a cord blood sample contains 8.6 million nucleated cells per milliliter, and a successful transplant requires harvesting 1 milliliter of cord blood per pound of patient weight^3 .There are intense research going on to expand the cells in vivo and there are anecdotal reports of such success but it is not going to be easy and certainly will be an expensive undertaking. Certain childhood malignancy such as the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is unlikely to benefit much from autologous UCB transplantation.

What is the chance of using the stored cord blood?
The probability that the average child will require a transplant of her own stem cells before age 20 has been estimated as 4 in 10,000 (.04%)^4. Current estimates place the chances of a child needing to use his or her own cord blood sample at somewhere between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 200,000^4
However, over the course of a lifetime up to age 70, the probability that a person will require a transplant of her own stem cells is 1 in 450 (0.23%), and the likelihood of requiring any transplant, from yourself or a sibling, is 1 in 220 (0.46%)^5. In other words it is not a common happening especially in the childhood when stem cell transplant is needed

What are the recommendations of the Professional bodies?
The American Association of Paediatrics in the latest 2007 policy statement^6 stated that private UCB storage as ‘biological insurance’ should be discouraged. There is not enough evidence to support the routine harvesting and storage of umbilical cord. The AAP panel express concern that “families may be vulnerable to emotional marketing (from private blood banks) at the time of birth of a child and may look to their physicians for advice.” They point out that the vast majority of children will never require the use of stored cord blood. The AAP experts conclude that because the potential uses of cord blood remain extremely “limited,” cord blood banking should only be considered “if there is a family member with a current or potential need to undergo a stem cell transplantation.” On the other hand, they encourage parents to donate cord blood “at no cost” to national stem cell banks, in much the same that organs are donated to help strangers in need. Parents should give informed consent before donating cord blood, and contact between the donor family and blood bank should be maintained in case “a genetic disease or (leukemia) develops” within the donor family.
The Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of United Kingdom ^7 in 2006 proclaimed that”…there is insufficient evidence to recommend directed commercial UCB collection and storage in low risk families.
The European Group in Ethics in Science and New Technologies in 2004 wrote to the European Commission that the legitimacy of commercial cord blood bank for autologous or own use should be questioned as they sell a service, which has presently, no real use regarding therapeutic options. Thus they provide more than they can deliver. The activities of such banks raised serious ethnical criticisms. The same group recommended any kind of advertisement by commercial cord blood bank in the media, including the internet must be adequately controlled by public authorities. The support for public cord bank should be increased

What are the latest results of UCB transplants?
The use of umbilical cord blood to treat a wide variety of diseases is a relatively new and growing technology. More than 5500 unrelated-donor cord blood stem cell transplantations have been performed for malignancies, bone marrow failure, hemoglobinopathies, immunodeficiencies, and inborn errors of metabolism. Cord blood may be superior to bone marrow stem cell transplantation because of greater availability, a reduced risk for graft-vs-host disease, and less risk for blood-borne illness. However, autologous cord blood has less potential to treat diseases such as leukemia because the genetic traits for cancer exist within the blood sample destined for transplantations.
Historically UCB transplants have significantly high mortality due largely due to slow engraftment of stem cells. New innovate approach using double cord blood collection seemed to improve the transplant results. If double cord turns out to be the transplant format of choice, it would mean the storage of own UCB is an inadequate exercise as one still has to source for another cord blood collection.

What if I have not stored my child’s cord blood and he/she is struck with the dreaded illness mentioned, is she/he doomed?
Take a deep breath and calm down. You could search from the public cord blood bank or from the bone marrow registry for potential donors if no sibling matched donor is forth-coming. Some types of cancer with genetic basis e.g. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) may be best treated with stem cells form allogeneic source or different persons.

How do I feel (does it matter?) about the whole thing?
In the ideal world all children should have their UCB stored but for the expenses and logistics involved. I have no problems with people storing cord blood for own use later. Neither have I had any qualms about private companies collecting storing cord blood stem cells. My concern is that as consumers the parents are not being presented with the whole truth and this is not acceptable from viewpoint of good clinical practice. I am also concerned about the ‘entrapment syndrome’—the private cord blood Co can present various reasons to up their fees in the future and I don’t think the consumers have very little to fight back. What if the company folds? Despite being claimed as a form of medical insurance, I agreed with Dr Mitchell Cairo (Pediatric oncologist and stem cell researcher) that insurance should have a definable pay-offs and not on theoretical considerations. Perhaps, parents should instead invest on educational or health insurance for the baby rather than on something nebulous as private cord blood banking!

Disclaimer: The author has no personal interest in any of the private cord blood companies.

REFERENCES
1. Kobylka, P., et al. 1998, Transplantation, 65(9):1275-1278.
2. Mazur P. 1988, Ann NY Acad Sci. 541:514-31. “Stopping biological time. The freezing of living cells”
3. W Reed, et al, Blood 2003; 101(1):351
4. FL Johnson, 1997; J Ped Hem Onc 19(3): 183-186
5. : Pasquini, MC, Logan, BR, Verter, F, Horowitz, MM, & Nietfeld, JJ 2005 ASH meeting poster#5260
6. Pediatrics. 2007;119:165-170
7. Royal college of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Scientific advisory committee opinion paper 2:June 2006

Last 5 posts by Palmdoc

Saggy eyes - July 7th, 2010
Private healthcare in Malaysia: Too expensive? - July 6th, 2010
Managing Cardiovascular emergencies in a Malaysian Hospital - challenges and issues - July 6th, 2010
ABG - a new definition according to an HO! - July 5th, 2010
Feedback: tian ma tu chung seven leaves ginsengs - July 2nd, 2010

Monday, June 28, 2010

Superfoods

Beans
They lower cholesterol, fight heart disease, stabilize blood sugar, reduce obesity, lessen cancer risk, and relieve hypertension.
--Eat four 1/2-cup servings a week. Don't like beans? Substitute green beans, sugar snap peas, green peas, or chick peas instead.

Blueberries
They lower the risk of heart disease and cancer and help maintain youthful, healthy skin.
--Eat 1 to 2 cups a day. When they aren't in season, eat cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, cherries, currants, and purple grapes.

Broccoli
It boosts your immune system, reduces the incidence of cataracts, builds bones, and fights birth defects and heart disease.
--Eat 1/2 to 1 cup a day. Can't stand broccoli? Eat brussels sprouts, red and green cabbage, cauliflower, bok choy, and kale.

Oats
Oats lower cholesterol, reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes, and are high in fiber and protein.
--Eat five to seven servings a week. Don't want it that often? Try wheat germ, brown rice, barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, millet, and quinoa.

Oranges
They support heart health while preventing cancer, stroke, diabetes, and other chronic ailments.
--Eat one a day. Want more variety? Try lemons, grapefruit, kumquats, tangerines, or limes.

Pumpkin
It's not just for pie. Pumpkin lowers the risk of various cancers, while it promotes youthful, healthy skin.
--Eat 1/2 cup a day. Want an alternative? Try carrots, carrots, butternut squash, sweet potatoes, and orange bell peppers.

Soy
It prevents heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis, as well as relieves menopausal and menstrual symptoms.
--Eat at least 15 grams daily. Don't like soy? Try tofu, soymilk, soy nuts, edamame, or miso.

Spinach
Popeye was on to something! Spinach lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases, a variety of cancers, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts.
--Eat 1 cup of steamed spinach or 2 cups of raw spinach a day. Don't like it? Then eat kale, collards, Swiss chard, bok choy, romaine lettuce, mustard, or turnip greens.

Tea (Black or green)
Besides soothing the soul, tea boosts the immune system, helps prevent cancer and osteoporosis, lowers stroke risk, and promotes cardiovascular health.
--Drink at least one cup a day.

Tomatoes
They lower cancer risk, increase your skin's sun-protection factor, and play a role in preventing cataracts and age-related macular degeneration.
--Eat one tomato a day. Don't like them? Try watermelon, persimmons, or pink grapefruit instead.

Walnuts
How nutty is this? Walnuts reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
--Eat 1 ounce five times a week. Other options include almonds, pistachios, sesame seeds, peanuts, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, macadamia nuts, pecans, hazelnuts, and cashews.

Yogurt
In addition to being a great source of protein and calcium, yogurt promotes strong bones and a healthy heart.
--Eat 2 cups a day. Want something else? Try kefir.

Friday, April 23, 2010

关于我的"覃"

关于我的"覃"

1.来北京后,90%的人第一次叫我的名字都会念错我的姓,看来这个姓果然太罕见了.

2.春节回家,听父辈的人说起,在我们那边,我的辈份很高,我爷爷那一辈的人都已然仙去,我去覃姓集中的覃家庙最多只能找到叔叔辈的人,而且还很少,大多数都是我的晚辈.此话不假,偶然碰到几个同宗族的,一打听都得叫我叔叔爷爷或者更老的称呼.

3.我们那个分支的辈份是这样排列的:洪德英昌,长发其祥,宗茂文盛...我排名第八,^_^

好了,开始转载:

qin[二声]
0439

覃姓当代分布

覃氏人口经过几千年的迁徙、创业,有了很大发展,同时不断与其他姓氏融合,分布到五湖四海。根据各省、市、县地方志有关资料及各地覃氏家谱记载,覃姓定居地有:北京、上海、天津、重庆、广西、广东、湖南、湖北、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、山西、河南、河北、山东、安徽、福建、海南、江西、浙江、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、新疆、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、西藏、台湾30个省、自治区、直辖市以及香港、澳门特别行政区,包括汉、壮、土家、布依、毛南、仫佬、仡佬、苗、瑶、侗、傣、水、京等13个民族。定居海外马来西亚、新加坡、菲律宾、泰国、越南、老挝、柬埔寨、印度、印度尼西亚、日本、缅甸、英、美、法、德、荷兰、瑞士、新西兰、加拿大、巴西、哥斯达黎加等21个国家。关于覃氏人口,难以进行精确统计。根据广西民族出版社 1996年出版的《中国覃氏通书》记载,全国约有人口900万。根据1997年征集到的资料统计,覃氏人口有900多万。
根据国家统计局人口统计司提供的1982年全国人口万分之五的随机抽样资料和台湾省1969年的资料综合,覃氏占全国汉族人口的0.06%。 1982年全国人口普查, 全国人口为 103189万人,其中汉族93670.38万人,按上述比例,壮族人口有560多万。按人口增长率计算,到2000年覃姓人口可达 900万以上。覃姓相对集中分布于长江中游以南及湖北、湖南、广西、贵州等省、自治区境内,其余各省、自治区、直辖市为散居地区。

广西壮族自治区
全自治区87个县、市都有覃氏分布。根据民国三十六年(1947年)《广西通志稿·氏族卷》记载,宋代,桂林市(今桂林市区)有覃氏50户以上,今属桂林市的临桂县有覃氏30户以上,修仁县(今荔浦县境)有2805人,阳朔县有174个姓,其中覃氏人口排第9位。随着历史发展,时代变迁,形成了覃氏相对聚居桂西、桂中、桂东的局面。据1998年统计,覃氏人口较多的县有东兰、环江、河池、南丹、罗城、宜州、巴马、大化、都安、马山、武鸣、上林、融水、三江、柳江、柳城、象州、武宣、来宾、桂平、贵港、平南、藤县、靖西、田林、昭平、邕宁、横县、容县、宾阳、南宁市等。其中田林县4.1万人,昭平县4万人,武鸣县1.8万人,邕宁县2万人,容县3万人,马山县4万人,横县4万人,宾阳县5万人,上林县6万人,南宁市郊区0.46万人,在全郊区294个姓中占第19位。
湖南省
覃氏人口较多的市、县有: 怀化市 0.15万人,张家界市10.14万人,石门县 9.85万人, 邵阳市8.2万人, 常德市 2.86万人,永顺县2.42万人,沅陵县 1.95万人,桃源县1.92万人,龙山县 9.25万人,泸溪县0.85万人,汉寿县7万人,凤凰县0.5万人,澧县0.45万人,临澧县0.31万人,麻阳县838人,永川县 0.5万人。其他散居的县、市有:辰溪县、江永县、会同县、湘阴县、芷江县、桃江县、长沙市、韶山市、零陵县、慈利县、南县、黔阳县、新晃县等。
湖北省
覃氏人口较多的有公安县,2820多人。其余人口分布较少的县、市有:淞滋县、长阳县、长乐县、巴东县、鹤峰县、宜恩县、建始县、利川县、应山县、襄阳县、崇阳县、天门县、远安县、当阳县、恩施市、利丰县、武汉市、宜昌市、来凤县、咸丰县。

四川省
覃氏分布的市、县:永川县、奉节县、大足县、盂县、巫山县、重庆市区、安岳县、郫县、合川县、彭水县、巴县、达县、渠县、靖县。其中安岳县约2万人,大足县的万古、国梁、回龙、龙水(大围)、石马、三驱、珠溪、邮亭、中敖、元通、龙水(尤西)等10个乡镇都有覃氏聚居的村落。

山西省
覃氏分布的地、市、县:吕梁地区、太原市、大同市、临汾地区、阳泉市、长治市、忻州地区、运城地区、晋中地区、雁北地区、晋城市、朔州市、孟县、平定县、洪洞县。其中人数较多的有吕梁地区893人(其中交城县874人),太原市504人,平定县100人。

河南省
覃氏分布的地、市、县有:浚县、鹤壁市、驻马店市、焦作市、栾川县、虞城县、宜阳县、汲县等。其中浚县屯子乡席营村850人,元上村95人,白寺村27人。解放后这三个村还有不少覃氏人口迁居陕西省铜川市、山西省赵城县、甘肃省武威县、内蒙古自治区哲盟扎旗, 宁夏回族自治区石咀山市、湖北省老河口市、云南省大理市。

河北省
覃氏分布的市、县有:清河县、张北县、河间县、唐山市等。

广东省
覃氏主要分布在连山壮族瑶族自治县、德庆县、罗定县、信宜县及肇庆市、茂名市。据1997年出版的《茂名市志》记载,茂名市覃氏,1946年为5156人,1953年7126人, 1964年8323人, 1976年 9939人,1988年11630人。

海南省
覃氏主要分布在儋县和乐会县,其中儋县170多人。

西藏自治区
覃氏主要分布在盐井县。

云南省
覃氏主要分布在文山壮族苗族自治州的文山县、富宁县、广南县、马关县以及大理市、鹤庆县。

贵州省
覃氏主要分布在玉屏县、沿河县、兴义市、册亨县、荔波县、德江县、桐梓县等。

台湾省
主要分布在新竹县、苗栗县、台中县、彰化县、云林县、南投县、台南市、台南县、高雄县、屏本县、台东县、宜兰县、基隆市、台中市、高雄市等。共有2000多人。

山东省
主要分布在金乡县、章丘市、淄博市等。
介绍文件
覃姓起源
覃姓起源

“覃”读音考
由于各种典籍和辞书,大多数都把“覃”说成是来源于“谭”读“谭”或“浔”,这就给人们以误导,早在公元前21—16世纪的夏朝,就已经出现了覃部落——覃怀氏——覃氏了。比齐桓公灭谭国的·公元前 684年要早1000年左右。覃氏中确有从谭国的后裔中改来的,这仅是覃氏宗族中的一个分支,不是全部。它是其中一个来源,而不是惟一的源头,更不是最早的源头。
民国十一年(1929年)撰写,1983、1984、1989年三次修改的《四川大足覃氏家史》中说:“覃字早已出现于《诗经》、《书经》,诗云……‘葛之覃兮’、‘覃公为私’,书曰:‘覃怀底绩。’这些古老书籍,皆有所载,是早期字也,非谭去言而为覃焉。有的谱牒皆言姓谭而去言从覃者,讹矣,予以更之。”1947年《广西通志稿》氏族卷载:“来宾县覃氏丁四千八百强,罩读如寻,西粤皆然。在汉时读寻音,望出岭南。……覃氏族姓颇繁,乡音绝不读覃为谭。”
四川省巴县石龙覃氏支族谱记载:“巴县石龙支族乃上古皇覃氏后裔。”四川省达县覃家坝火车站支族谱记载,其支族是上古十三族皇覃氏后裔。广西修仁县(现属荔浦县境)覃氏祖宗神位上写有“皇覃氏历代宗亲之位”。湖南省石门《覃氏族谱》说:“覃氏的祖先,考稽上有皇覃氏。”皇覃氏是继因覃部落、覃怀地而得覃姓之后的又一命姓,就产生的时间来说,覃怀氏要早于皇覃氏,因为覃怀氏因地名、部落名命氏,这属自然命氏。
湖南省《石门县志》记载,覃为古有竺氏后裔,于周穆王时分居覃地为民,遂以国为姓。当地的覃氏族谱记录有《覃氏源流世系歌》:“覃氏鼻祖墨胎初,孤竹君后是有竹。”据湖南省张家界市覃氏族谱,覃氏是有竹氏的后裔。这两地族谱所记载的历史上覃氏是墨胎氏、孤竹氏、有竹氏的后裔,可以看作是覃氏发展过程中命姓的演变,是覃氏部落分支的命姓。其中以孤竹命名的覃部落到周中期,分为三支迁徙,一支到达山东章丘、历城一带;一支向今河北省内丘县西北17里的有孤山,河北省房山县有孤山,这可能与孤竹北迁时曾居留过有关;另一支向南、西南方向发展,迁入湖南西部和贵州一带(即古夜郎国)。
覃氏和谭氏关系密切,《辞海》、《姓氏辞典》、《万姓统谱》、《百家姓探秘》等有关工具书和姓氏研究的书籍,都说覃本姓谭,是因为避难,把言字边去掉,改为覃。谭是西周分封的诸侯国名,在今山东省章丘(一说故地在今山东省历城县东),公元前684年为齐国所灭。传说谭国国君逃到莒国(今山东省莒县),子孙以国为姓,是为谭氏。周武王灭商后,除随同伐纣的诸侯外,殷商所封诸侯一概废除,削为平民,为防止殷商遗民叛逃,武张遣送他们到今河南洛阳地筑城,称为东郡。这时候,孤竹国也被灭亡,孤竹氏覃民从河北卢龙被驱到洛阳和殷商遗民一起筑城,沦为工奴。后又到有褒(今陕西省南郑县)为周穆王建筑祗宫,这是公元前1001年的事。祗宫建成后,穆王为偿工奴的劳绩,把他们分配到各附庸国为民,有竹氏的覃民被分配到谭国(今山东省境内)为民,有竹氏又得姓谭氏。到春秋时期周庄王十四年(前683年),周被齐国所灭,有竹氏谭姓国民又迁徙他地。求神问卜的结果是:早往西行,谨记勿言;日落西方,及早回家。预示迁徙的方向是西方,而且西、早二字相叠起来是覃字,正是谭字去言边,也包含着“谨记勿言”的意思。而且日落西方,及早回家是暗示要等齐桓公死了,要及时早早回到谭城老家来。这一段传奇,在湘、鄂、桂一带覃氏族谱中都有记载,而且世代相传。后来有竹氏的谭姓国民扶老携幼经过数千里跋涉,于齐桓公灭谭后的次年(前 682年)秋天,陆续到达了有褒(今陕西省南郑县境),按照“谨记勿言”,把谭字的言旁去掉,恢复覃氏。
覃姓的起源
覃姓是一个有多种读音的姓氏,不同的读音代表着不同的覃字在读为tan时,所代表的姓氏血统与谭姓相同,相传其姓氏本来也就是由“谭”字去掉偏旁而来的。汉代时,谭姓人中有人与名将韩信关系密切,后来韩信因故被杀,他怕受牵连,便携家人逃往外地,改姓为覃,他的后代在后来也相沿以覃为姓。历史上,这支覃姓人以齐郡(治所在今山东淄博)为郡望,主要分布在黄河流域的北方各省和关陇地区。
覃字读为xun时,主要是指居住在长江以南原古代蛮族或巴蜀区的覃姓人。早在汉代时,澧中、平川、赐州等地的蛮族中都有覃姓,蜀郡也有覃姓。至南朝梁时,出自这一支派的覃姓人还出了一位名为覃元先的名人,官至东宁州刺史。直到清代,居住在今四川一带的覃姓人仍把自己的姓氏读为xun。
覃字读为qin时,主要指生活在今广西一带的覃姓人。相传,他们姓氏的读音原为tan,与表示品尝之意的“啖”字同音,后讹为qin,遂相沿成习。据有关方面统计,目前出自这一支派的覃姓人大约有50万,而广西也因此是全国分布最为集中的地区。
根据大多数覃(qin)氏族谱记载,覃姓始祖在河南省沁阳一带。四川省大足县《覃氏家史》说,他们的始祖可追溯到春秋一个叫覃怀的地方。湖南省石门覃氏族谱说,覃氏是有竹氏的后代,周穆王时因功得封于陕西覃地及覃怀地,以地为姓。广西壮族自治区邕宁县《覃氏源流》记载,皇覃氏根基于覃怀。广西上林、马山、容县、宾阳等县《覃氏源流》说,覃姓,起源可追溯到上古的覃怀古国,其位置在今之河南省沁阳、武陟一带。
沁阳市位于今河南省西北部沁河冲积平原区,太行山南麓,东经112。26'至 113。02'与北纬34。59'至35。18'之间,东邻博爱,西接济源,南毗温、孟二县,北界山西晋城。沁阳历史久远。夏为覃怀首邑,属冀州;商代属京畿;纣时封鄂侯于邗,其地为邗国。秦汉称河内郡,明清设怀庆府。历为豫西北政治、经济、文化中心和商品集散地。1989年,河南省政府批准沁阳为“历史文化名城”。武陟县古时属沁阳县。历代修的《沁阳县志·建置》中都有沁阳在夏代为覃怀地的记载。1989年沁阳撤县改市,1993年5月出版的《沁阳市志》记载“沁阳历史久远,夏代,地处覃怀地”。《武陟县志·建置》中也记载,该县“夏,称覃怀”,在“姓氏录”中,也记载有覃姓居民。沁阳一带自古就流传一句话:“覃怀古郡,河溯名邦”,意思是说,沁阳既是历史悠久的古郡,又是名邦。早在4000多年前这里就有了覃氏部落,夏代称覃怀地。这里位于黄河以北、沁河以南的平原地区,气候温和,土地肥沃,经济相对发达,所生产的地黄、山药、菊花、牛膝,称为“四大怀药”,历史上曾列为贡品,至今仍闻名于世。这里历代外出经商的人较多,出门的生意人喜欢在肩上背一个肩袋(当地称为肩褡),袋上写有“覃怀人×××”字样,表明自己是覃怀地人,并以此为骄傲。这种现象,解放前随处可见,今天在一些地方,仍有这一习俗。
覃怀地因覃部落而得名,覃氏因覃部落和覃怀地而得姓。而传说中,覃姓的始祖是伯益。伯益又叫伯翳,也叫大费,传说他能驯服鸟兽成为家禽家畜,开创了人类饲养家禽家畜的历史;他还协助大禹治水,把九州的洪水疏导入大海,所以他深得禹的信任,被赐给嬴姓。
介绍文件
覃姓迁徒史
覃姓迁徙史

概述
覃氏经历了几千年来的频繁迁徙,总的流向和趋势可概括为:北南东西,即自北向南,先东后西。根据史籍和各地覃氏族谱记载及口碑,除了上述在黄河流域的几次迁徙之外,还有八次较大的迁徙。从覃怀地到会稽郡覃怀地,是大禹治水的“指挥部”,也是治黄最早取得成效的地方。夏禹治水,从冀州出发巡视,冀州治理工作从壶口开始,然后再治理梁山和岐山。覃怀的治理由于当地人民的共同努力而取得成效。伯益带领覃怀人随禹到浚县安营扎寨,治理黄河,后又跟随禹到各地治水。现在距大任山10公里的屯子乡席营村,还聚居着800多人的覃氏后裔。大任山明代古碑上,还刻着覃氏先祖“席营村覃滚”的名字。接着大禹带领大家继续治理黄河下游的水患,施工最多的地方是兖州(今山东省境内),再到徐州 (今江苏省境内),到安徽涂山,经过疏导,引黄河流入渤海。大禹最后到达会稽(今浙江省绍兴市),并在会稽去世。大禹和他的助手包括覃怀人在内的民众辗转从北到南,到达会稽。为了纪念祖先伯益,覃怀人把会稽作为覃氏的堂号。至今,广西环江毛南族自治县的上南、下南、水源、洛阳、温平等乡,河池市的冲蒙屯等覃氏支系都以“会稽郡”作为覃氏堂号。
从湖南武陵南迁
覃儿健是目前所见历史记载的第一位覃氏历史人物。据《后汉书·西蛮西南夷传》、《湖南通志》、《中国覃氏源流世系考》等记载,覃儿健(前4年一80年),武陵(今湖南省张家界市)人,祖籍雍(今陕西),望出关中。其父受封武威镇夷将军,于汉平帝三年(3年),领兵助武陵太守征剿有功,驻守沣水流域溇中、充中及零阳等地,当时正值王莽推行新政,他组织民众合力抵抗新政,被推举为精夫(即统帅)。覃儿健自幼在父亲的指导下,学文习武,练得一身好武艺,长大成人后得到大家的信任。父亲去世后,覃儿健继而成为领导当地民众的统帅,威镇武陵地区。 汉章帝建初三年 (78年),武陵溇中地区民众拥覃儿健反抗官府增加税赋,先后攻下零阳、作唐(今湖南省安乡县境内)等地。次年,汉王朝调荆州 (今湖北省境)等七郡及汝南颍州 (今河南省境)的囚徒5000多人前来征剿,覃儿健战死,民众失去主帅,溃不成军,纷纷逃往深山野谷。覃儿健后裔为逃避官军搜索,免遭灭族之祸,大举南迁,进入今广西北部的九万大山, 分居于今三江侗族自治县、融安县、融水苗族自治县及阳朔、永福、鹿寨、柳州、宜州等市、县;现在这些地方覃姓人口较多,与覃儿健后裔的南迁有很大关系。民国《宜山县志》中就有有关覃儿健的记载。

覃万传从陕西入川
覃万传 三国时人,祖籍陕西南郑,曾任蜀汉胖舸郡太守马忠的总兵。蜀汉建兴三年(225年)随诸葛亮南征有功,经马忠推荐受封武陵君,镇抚五溪(五溪为雄溪、满溪、西溪、抚溪、辰溪),即今黔东、鄂南、湘西交界一带。三国时魏景元四年 (263年),魏伐蜀汉,汉后主降魏,万传无法返祖籍,落籍五溪。其后人一部分自贵州思南、镇远、榕江等地南下广西,现在贵州东部各县(自治县)及广西融安、融水、环江、宜州等各县(自治县、市)的覃氏,有的是覃万传宗支的后裔;另一部分留居原地,成为湖南武陵地区覃氏的主力。湖南溆浦县覃行璋、祁阳县覃季以及邵阳、武罔等县覃氏中,也有覃万传的后裔。

覃元先入桂
覃元先(生卒年不详) 南北朝南梁时东宁州(今广西罗城仫佬族自治县)刺史。关于他的籍贯有两种说法。商务印书馆出版的《中国人名大辞典》说是“南海人”。台湾《覃考》说是陕西南郑人,生于南朝齐高帝建元元年(479年),原名覃彦。该书还评论道:“覃元先,《中国人名大辞典》中有其传说,内容充满了传奇色彩,也有些是穿凿附会的几乎神话,现据人、时、地三因素,从史书中吸取其片断资料,予以联串叙述,使其完整与真实。”这里我们把上述两书的记载采取诸说并存的办法,转述如下,供后人研究。
《中国人名大辞典》说,元先“善骑射,多力,齐末反者四起,元先募兵卫乡里。……武帝召见,谓曰,公当立勋业,书彝常,奈何无名字,元先遂改今名,拜东宁州刺史,累著战功,加云麾将军,侯景反,元先与萧云讨伐,擒斩贼将,所向无前。卒于军”。台湾《覃考》说,武帝召见问名时,元先因名“彦”字和萧衍的“衍”字近音,怕犯讳而不说,后来皇帝给他起名“元先”,元先就高兴地接受了。元先任刺史后,回陕西老家带领覃家子弟兵随武帝作战,英勇果敢,梁武帝天监五年(506年),大败东魏于钟离(今安徽省五河县),武帝加封云麾将军称号。梁武帝太清二年(548年),侯景反,武帝任命覃元先偕同萧云率师征讨。覃家军过关斩将,使侯景受挫。次年(549年),侯景攻陷梁国都城,武帝死,元先失去支柱,率军回东宁。这时已年过七十,加上在战斗中负过伤,不久去世。元先去世后,其后人纷纷散居罗城周围各县,北至融安、融水,中部至柳城、柳州、来宾、象州,南至平南、桂平、贵港,甚至广东的南海、肇庆、茂名、信宜、化州、罗定等地,都有覃氏后裔居住。据湖北省利川市覃氏族谱记载,他们的祖先是在清朝后期随太平天国起义部队征战到达南京,再随翼王石达开征战到四川,石达开死后,又由四川东下落籍利川县 (今湖北省利川市),历时100多年,发展到100余户。根据《太平天国史》十五《列传》记载:覃炳贤,广西永安(今蒙山县)人,随太平军征战南京,又随石达开逃难到四川,达开死后,由川东而下,落籍湖北利川县(今利川市)。还存覃炳贤的后裔,其先祖是覃元先。

唐代覃汝先驻镇施州
根据湖南《石门县志》、《覃氏族谱》,覃汝先生于唐高宗仪凤三年(678年)。台湾《覃考》说,中国覃氏于十六国混乱以及南北朝南梁(302—564)灭亡后,即从关中有褒、南郑、汉中一带,迁到四川的瞿塘关(今重庆市境),历经200年,族人散居夔州 (今重庆市奉节县)、开州(今四川省开县)、归州、夷陵(今湖北省宜昌市)、施州(今湖北省恩施市)等地域,繁衍发展,再次成为巨族。在唐代开元年间(713—741)的一次政治剧变中,覃氏获得了一次发展的良机。
当时的唐玄宗李隆基,本是一位圣明的君主,但其晚年之时,由于宠幸杨贵妃,沉迷子女色,旷废朝政,大权旁落在奸诈的外戚杨国忠手里,导致安禄山造反,京都长安陷落,唐明皇被迫西逃成都,到扶风县马嵬坡时,杨国忠被乱兵杀死,杨贵妃亦被迫以三尺白绫吊死于梨花树下。在皇上落难之时,覃汝先半路护驾勤王。奏书中说:草民覃汝先,四川逵州人氏,得悉皇上蒙尘,便率领家丁及地方众兵千余人,兼程北上护驾。唐皇闻奏,喜出望外,即封汝先为行军总管及左仆射,护驾西行。平定安禄山之乱后,又加封覃汝先光禄大夫,住镇施州 (今湖北省恩施市),安抚十八蛮,准许世代承袭。覃汝先于唐代宗大历元年(766年)病故,享年89岁。唐代宗大历二年(767年),长子襄尧袭职,从第一代传袭到第十二代。汝先生伯坚、伯圭二子,伯圭后代子孙兴旺,主力居湖南省的石门、慈利、大庸、桑植、桃源、常德、邵阳等县、市;一支居湖北省长乐、长阳、鹤峰、宜昌、枝江、松滋、公安、天门等县市;另一支在广西融安、融水、柳州、来宾等县市,人口达百万以上。汝先后裔传到十二世覃友仁时,覃友仁袭任“施州行军总管”,迁驻添平。覃汝先的第三十八代孙覃添顺被明太祖敕封为“武德将军”,准其子世袭,统辖湘西渫水淡水流域。添顺六世裔孙覃善教奉命远征岭南修仁(今广西荔浦县境),以官为籍,定居繁衍。
从山东白马县迁邕州
今广西南宁市郊区,邕宁、武鸣、上林、马山、宾阳、横县、宜州、环江、河池,云南省文山、广南、马关等县、自治县、市的覃氏族谱都有记载说自己的先祖在宋代来自“山东白马县”,为此,解放前后,有不少人先后到山东省寻根,但都找不到白马县。山东白马县到底在哪里呢?这些族谱为什么都写上自己的先祖来自山东白马县呢?本书作者之一覃芝馨利用主编《南宁市郊区志》的机会,到山东、河南两省进行了深入的调查。
根据调查走访和查阅有关资料得知,山东,因朝代不同,所指的地域也不同。古人说的山东,是个地理名词,指的是崤山或华山以东的地带,一般指黄河流域,有时泛指秦以外的六国领土,也有指太行山以东为山东。山东和河南,古时都是指一个广泛地域的名称,两者互相涵盖,互相包含,约相当今山东、河南两省及苏北、皖北等地区。今山东省地域自古至今未发现有白马县。白马县及其县治所在地,从秦汉到唐代的史书、地理著作上都有详细的记载。白马县建于秦朝,历经汉、魏、晋、南北朝、隋、唐、宋、元代1500年之久,一直到明朝末期才改称滑县,其位置在今河南省滑县,县治在今滑县县城东10公里的白马墙村,经考古发现有古代的城墙和各种文物。古白马县在今河南省而不在山东省——这就是许多人到山东省却找不到白马县的原因。
白马县是古代的交通要道和军事重镇。覃氏先祖南迁自汉代以来历朝历代都有,但以宋代较为集中,这与军事行动有关。在北宋年间,朝廷对广西有几次大的用兵,一次是皇祜年间(1053年前后),宋朝派狄青等率数万兵马南征侬智高,打败侬智高后,在邕州一带屯兵4000余人,驻在水陆交通沿线,后来其中许多人落籍成为当地居民,有不少为覃氏。据1998年底统计,仅南宁市郊区就有覃氏4615人,占郊区人口的1.3%,按姓氏人口排第19位。这些讲平话的汉人,大多数家谱上都写有宋代跟随狄青南征留下来的。再是宋熙宁年间 (1069—1077),宋朝廷派大将郭逵率兵讨伐交趾乾德叛乱,平息后留下部将戍边。此外,从北宋到南宋期间,因北方战乱和黄河多次决口,特别是随着北宋的灭亡,王朝向南迁移,皇族和官员及大批民众来到南方,其中岭南地区是重要的移民迁徙地之一。当然,这些移民中,不一定人人来自白马县,也有来自中原、华中其他地区的,但随军行动大都经过白马县,所以都作了这样的记载,正如黄河中下游一带群众,问起祖籍也都说是来自山西洪洞一样。这就是许多覃氏族谱上都写着先祖来自“山东白马县”的原因。
宋代,覃氏出了不少著名人物,其中覃庆元三代进士,在朝野产生了一定影响。
覃庆元 融州 (今广西融水苗族自治县)人,景德进士,景德至大中祥符年间 (1006—1010)被封为御史中丞。为人稳健,遇事敢于发表意见,举朝服其公正。其儿子覃光佃,宋开宝五年(972年)进士,任监察御史。他不怕高官权贵,对腐败和失职的朝廷官员,都如实呈报皇帝严办,被人称为“真御史”。当时北方经常发生战事,他曾三次上书力主抵抗,后升知雁州,对沿边将士贪功及失职者都惩之以法。后晋升都总管兼劝农史,甚得皇帝信任,升为银青光禄大夫。覃光佃的儿子覃昌,宋庆历进士,官至国子祭酒,退休后闭门讲学,教人读经书,著有文集。
覃三耀入桂留戍东兰民国23年(1934年)出版的广西《上林县志》中的“民族志”记载:覃三耀(又名覃怀满,亦作山耀、三孝),生于元至J帧二年 (1331年),原籍山东青州府益都县。为起义军首领覃景山之子。覃景山去世后,三耀继承父志,高举义旗,继续聚众起义,称“天下兵马大元帅”,带了一支覃家军随明将廖永忠征南,明洪武元年(1368年),白海路经福州、潮州,再取东莞、梧州、浔州、邕州、宾阳,后移宜州德胜司入东兰。由于韦天珍、覃怀满平乱有功,明朝廷授韦天珍为东兰州世袭知州,覃怀满为世袭武官,留戍东兰州,落籍于都彝哨(今广西东兰县大同乡那雅村)。韦氏土司实行军政合一的封建领主世袭制,土司除了直接占有和经营部分土地外,按哨封给韦氏宗族和覃、黄、龙等姓官兵。这支覃家军又分出一支继续进军西藏,为明朝统一边疆立下汗马功劳,后来落籍盐井(今西藏自治区盐井县)。据四川省大足县的人说,近邻四川省的西藏自治区边境还有覃氏居民。覃怀满在东兰生真贤(维昭)、真圣(维真)、真仁(维彦)三子,后裔繁衍黔、滇、桂20多个县及越南同登、谅山、高平等地,人数有上百万。
1990年出版的河南省《浚县志》记载,该县100人至1000人的姓氏有覃、毛、程、友、齐、霍、侥等。1993年出版的河南省《武陟县志》记载该县的姓氏有……简、覃、靖、蒯、蒿、福、熊、雏、裴、谭……等414个。浚县屯子乡席营村《覃氏族谱》记载,明代初年,覃家子弟兵随反对元朝的起义军南征,南方平定后,又北上。一同征战的还有席姓和张姓的兵,打到大名后,回故土落籍, 因为席姓先到,所以当地就叫席营村 (距前文所述的古白马县白马坡10多公里),朝廷将300亩耕地,另3亩4分坟场地赏给覃大义等有功人员,世代免纳粮,这个待遇,到解放前还为历代政府所承认。
明代,覃氏中出现不少人才,其中较著名者有覃应元,字德芳,四川云阳县人,明嘉靖进士,知河南府。他以德感召下属及群众,平息匪乱,整肃地方治安,政绩突出,升任四川副使。覃达,湖南石门人,曾任农民起义领袖陈友谅的万户官, 明洪武年间 (1368—1398)被征调到四川征剿,奋勇杀敌立功。丧于四川省大溪坪。
迁移海外
在遍布世界各地的华侨中也有一些覃氏居民。海外覃氏主要是从广西、广东地区出境的。他们迁居海外的原因很多,其主要者或为贫困所迫,或逃避政治迫害、民族压迫,或因不愿称臣于新朝,或遭西方殖民主义者的拐骗掳掠等。这些华侨漂洋过海留居海外的历史至少可以追溯到宋代,而大量出走并留居海外的则在明、清和民国时期。广西华侨人口仅次于广东、福建两省,居全国第三位,广西又是覃氏聚居最多的省区,据目前所掌握的资料,海外覃氏,以祖籍为广西者居多。以容县为例,据1982年第三次全国人口普查统计,全县人口59万,其中覃氏3万,占5%强。1979年出版的台湾《广西文献》第3期说,马来西亚有广西籍华侨华人50万,其中容县籍20万,在容县籍华侨中,覃氏约2000人。
家谱
家谱文件
家谱文件
覃姓字辈
覃姓字辈
覃氏家族在明朝以前已有派行,但未盛行,明末各支族才先后确定统一派行,流传至今。一般是请族内德高望重之长者排行序,逐代按序取其中一字为行,一直排到末字,周而复始,也有重排序。班辈字文字精炼,内涵丰富,寓意深奥。内容主要是歌宗颂祖,教育后代,启迪子孙,训导族人,激励向上,预示未来,字数不等,目前见到最长的班辈字有100个,一般为二三十个,最少也有十个字。

湘西覃氏公定统一派行(100字):
良尚宗光祚,家声庆远长。
文章遵正大,基业照荣昌。
定邦勋名在,承先盛绩扬。
万传敦本序,佑启自联芳。
忠厚前谟显,诗书宜训详。
攀桂才高举,培兰庭满香。
崇儒昭谦让,造育多熹康。
逢原创凉史,饧粒振三纲。
为孝垂能守,居临循五常。
支源流泽久,百代若同堂。

河南浚县屯子乡席营村覃氏行辈十六字:
继宪增祥,维念显扬,
建道裕焕,景瑞绪昌。
1993年农历十二月立

四川大足县万古支族字辈
第一轮:世守登之,大廷国正,道德文章,儒宗永绍。
第二轮:仁厚清明,廉介纯深,宏才达彦,英俊承铭。
第三轮:乾坤显哲,祥瑞献裕,富贵贤良,伦常辉绪。
1985年正月全县十七支系代表会提出广东罗定、阳春覃氏班辈 1.覃胜佑:胜、玄、历、官、代、…… 2.覃进大(胜佑第五代后)先进敬应,文益英芳。以伯赞日,至瑞同邦。元昌启国,永庆宗登。家明宪达,继业隆彰。 1992年修谱力口字辈:普天广志,伟发荣康。建新开运,乃立基强。培贤兴学,才华耀扬。注:“先”是以覃元先为上祖。

广西各地覃氏班辈:
覃山耀公次子覃真圣公后裔各地的排班
1991年7月上林《覃氏族谱》记载覃真圣公在各地的后裔前五代排班次序:
象州县:真口欢受列
东兰县:真李壁可任
河池市:真包大可国
宾阳县:真智继宗仲
邕宁县:真智继
马山县:真逢福日文
武鸣县:真逢福日文
上林县:
真智继道演 真智继成陋
真李才法昌 真寿勤宵昌
真李才胜人 真李才福林

真圣公移居马山县兑覃屯后,其后裔排班次序:
真逢福日文 祖大达应恩
鼎懋绩廷子 兆裕宏世继
乃尚高宗德 元勋受泽封
立颐展司古 业延万载灵

南宁市郊那洪村:
国、能、兆、振、本、朝、恩、邦、藩、佩、贻、尔、永、式、家、云、祁、远、大、嗣、续、延、长、清、廉、正、直、万、世、荣、昌。
南宁市郊那告村:
祥、绵、邦、作、晓、赵、喜、风、摊、日、亮、礼、士、运、腾、献、三、曾、显、培、清、丙习、明、振。

邕宁县苏圩镇仁德村覃氏班辈排字:
福德玉殿世,南成启永元。
朝宗必尔可,建庆绍华昌。
显达通明日,仁义广如天。
春至开新景,荣茂树秀长。

隆安县左谭乡古龙村覃氏班辈排序:
远祖班辈:喜、庆、贵、世、仲、汝、秉、明、思、仁、善、三、磷、绵、震。
本村直系班辈:世、学、配、明、永、绍、弘、福、光、志、桂、震、红、平。

田林县覃氏班辈排字:
福应益世盛,绍席正安隆,永守上林业,威烈万年丰
注:现已排到“业”字辈,该辈是第15代,引自《田林县志》。

罗城桥头镇仫佬族覃氏班辈排字:
立志朝文,君忠仕玉。世代荣昌,万国安邦。

容县覃氏新拟派联:
积善之家,必有余庆,武显文秀,品高义厚,永继兴承,祖荫深恩垂容岳;
崇贤为国,克肇宽宏,英华才茂,名扬智耀,丕振芳猷,宗泽俊杰行全球。

宾阳县覃氏派联:
更加发达兴,旺齐向前冲

【作者: 覃健祥】【访问统计:5975】【2006年03月1日 星期三 12:11】【注册】【打印

Wednesday, February 3, 2010

FRUITS AND HUMAN BODY

GINGER – STOMACH
Root ginger, commonly sold in supermarkets, often looks just like the stomach. So it’s interesting that one of its biggest benefits is aiding digestion. The Chinese have been using it for over 2,000 years to calm the stomach and cure nausea, while it is also a popular remedy for motion sickness. But the benefits could go much further.
Tests on mice at the University of Minnesota found injecting the chemical that gives ginger its flavour slowed down the growth rate of bowel tumours.


BANANA (SMILE) – DEPRESSION Cheer yourself up and put a smile on your face by eating a banana. The popular fruit contains a protein called tryptophan. Once it has been digested, tryptophan then gets converted in a chemical neurotransmitter called serotonin. This is one of the most important mood-regulating chemicals in the brain and most anti-depressant drugs work by adjusting levels of serotonin production. Higher levels are associated with better moods.


GRAPES – LUNGS
OUR lungs are made up of branches of ever-smaller airways that finish up with tiny bunches of tissue called alveoli. These structures, which resemble bunches of grapes, allow oxygen to pass from the lungs to the blood stream. One reason that very premature babies struggle to survive is that these alveoli do not begin to form until week 23 or 24 of pregnancy. A diet high in fresh fruit, such as grapes, has been shown to reduce the risk of lung cancer and emphysema. Grape seeds also contain a chemical called proanthocyanidin, which appears to reduce the severity of asthma triggered by allergy.


TOMATO – HEART
A TOMATO is red and usually has four chambers, just like our heart. Tomatoes are also a great source of lycopene, a plant chemical that reduces the risk of heart disease and several cancers. The Women’s Health Study — an American research programme which tracks the health of 40,000 women — found women with the highest blood levels of lycopene had 30 per cent less heart disease than women who had very little lycopene. Lab experiments have also shown that lycopene helps counter the effect of unhealthy LDL cholesterol. One Canadian study, published in the journal Experimental Biology and Medicine, said there was “convincing vidence’ that lycopene prevented coronary heart disease.


CARROTS – EYES
SLICE a carrot and it looks just like an eye, right down to the pattern of the iris. It’s a clear clue to the importance this everyday veg has for vision. Carrots get their orange colour from a plant chemical called betacarotene, which reduces the risk of developing cataracts. The chemical also protects against macular degeneration an age-related sight problem that affects one in four over-65s. It is the most common cause of blindness in Britain . But popping a betacarotene pill doesn’t have the same effect, say scientists at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore


MUSHROOM – EAR
Slice a mushroom in half and it resembles the shape of the human ear. And guess what? Adding it to your cooking could actually improve your hearing. That’s because mushrooms are one of the few foods in our diet that contain vitamin D. This particular vitamin is important for healthy bones, even the tiny ones in the ear that transmit sound to the brain.


BROCCOLI – CANCER
Close-up, the tiny green tips on a broccoli head look like hundreds of cancer cells. Now scientists know this disease-busting veg can play a crucial role in preventing the disease. Last year, a team of researchers at the US National Cancer Institute found just a weekly serving of broccoli was enough to reduce the risk of prostate cancer by 45 per cent. In Britain , prostate cancer kills one man every hour.


WALNUT – BRAIN
THE gnarled folds of a walnut mimic the appearance of a human brain - and provide a clue to the benefits. Walnuts are the only nuts which contain significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. They may also help head off dementia. An American study found that walnut extract broke down the protein-based plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers at Tufts University in Boston found walnuts reversed some signs of brain ageing in rats. Dr James Joseph, who headed the study, said walnuts also appear to enhance signalling within the brain and encourage new messaging links between brain cells.


CHEESE – BONES
A nice ‘holey’ cheese, like Emmenthal, is not just good for your bones, it even resembles their internal structure. And like most cheeses, it is a rich source of calcium, a vital ingredient for strong bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Together with another mineral called phosphate, it provides the main strength in bones but also helps to ‘power’ muscles. Getting enough calcium in the diet during childhood is crucial for strong bones. A study at Columbia University in New York showed teens who increased calcium intake from 800mg a day to 1200mg – equal to an extra two slices of cheddar - boosted their bone density by six per cent.

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